HISTORY OF INDIA V (c. 1550 - 1605)

Course Objective:

(i) The students will have information regarding the Persian sources and
vernacular literary traditions
(ii) The growth and consolidation of the Mughal Empire
(iii) Mughal policies in the North West Frontier and the Deccan
(iv) The land rights and revenue system, agriculture, trade under the Mughals
(v) Political and religious ideas of the period concerned

Unit-1 Sources and Historiography:
(a) Persian literary culture; translations; Vernacular literary traditions
(b) Modern Interpretations
Establishment of Mughal rule:
(c) India on the eve of Babur’s invasion
(d) Fire arms, military technology and warfare
(e) Humayun’s struggle for empire
(f) Sher Shah and his administrative and revenue reforms

Unit-2 Consolidation of Mughal rule under Akbar:
(a) Campaigns and conquests: tactics and technology
(b) Evolution of administrative institutions: zabt, mansab, jagir, madad-i-maash
(c) Revolts and resistance

Unit-3 Expansion and Integration:
(a) Incorporation of Rajputs and other indigenous groups in Mughal nobility
(b) North-West frontier, Gujarat and the Deccan
(c) Conquest of Bengal

Unit-4 Rural Society and Economy:
(a) Land rights and revenue system; Zamindars and peasants; rural tensions
(b) Extension of agriculture; agricultural production; crop patterns
(c) Trade routes and patterns of internal commerce; overseas trade; rise of Surat

Unit-5 Political and religious ideals:
(a) Inclusive political ideas: theory and practice
(b) Religious tolerance and sulh-i-kul; Sufi mystical and intellectual interventions
(c) Pressure from the ulama

Recommended Readings:

Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subramanian, eds, The Mughal State, 1526 - 1750.
J.F. Richards, The Mughal Empire.
Satish Chandra: A History of Medieval India, 2 volumes
Satish Chandra, Essays on Medieval Indian History.
Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1526 - 1707.
Tapan Ray Chaudhury and Irfan Habib (ed.) The Cambridge Economic History of India,Vol.
I
Tara Chand: Influence of Islam on Indian Culture

Data Structures using C

Objective:

The course is designed with an objective to
 Developing programming logic using C.
 Demonstrate the major algorithms in data structures.
 Analyze performance of algorithms.
 Discuss which algorithm or data structure to use in different scenarios.
 Demonstrate the properties of various data structures such as stacks, queues, lists, trees.
 Demonstrate various sorting algorithms, including bubble sort, insertion sort, selection
sort, heap sort, merge sort, quick sort.
 Demonstrate understanding of various searching algorithms.

Learning Outcome:

On completion of the course, students will be able to
 Write programs using C as a language.
 Design programs involving decision structures, loops and functions.
 Distinguish between linear and non-linear data structure.
 Apply non-linear data structure in appropriate areas.
 Apply various sorting and searching algorithms in different problems.

Unit I: 20L

Introduction: Introduction to C Language, Conditional Statements and Loops, Arrays &
Functions

Unit II: 14L

Basics of Data Structure: Data structure, algorithms, Primitive and Composite data types,
Time and Space Complexity of Algorithms, Linked List, Stack, Queues implementation using
Array and linked list, Insertion, Deletion and Traversal of linked list. Recursion and its
implementation with reference to stack.

Unit III: 14L

Sorting & Searching Algorithms: Introduction to Sorting and its practical use, Sorting
Algorithms and its implementation Bubble sort, Insertion sort, Selection Sort, Quick sort, Merge
sort and Radix Sort.
Introduction to Searching algorithms, Linear search, Binary search, depth first search and
breadth first search techniques.

Unit IV: 12L

Introduction to Trees: Introduction to Trees, properties of Trees, Binary Tree, Complete
Binary Trees, Binary search Trees, Tree traversal methods(pre order, in order, post order),Infix,
Postfix and Prefix Notations.

Books Recommended:

1. Balaguruswami, D “Programming with ANSI-C” 6
th Edition, Tata McGrow
Hill,2012
2. Tenenbaum A. M.,”Data Structures Using C”,Pearson,2nd Edition,2009.
3. Baluja, G. S.”Data Structure through C++”, Dhanpat Rai Publication,2012.
4. Lipschutz, Seymour”Data Structures”, T. M. Hill,2010.
5. Weiss, Mark Allen ”Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++”,Pearson,4th
Edition,2012

Computer Lab Based on Data Structures using C:

 Write basic C programs.
 Write programs to implement different operations on arrays.
 Write programs to implement stack, queue, and linked-lists.
 Write programs to implement sorting and searching algorithms.
 Write programs to implement BST.

Electronic Circuits and PCB Designing

Unit-1 (10 Lectures, Marks 15)

Network theorems (DC analysis only): Review of Ohms law, Kirchhoff’s laws, voltage
divider and current divider theorems, open and short circuits.
Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem and interconversion, superposition theorem,
maximum power transfer theorem.

Unit 2 (12 Lectures, Marks 15)

Semiconductor Diode and its applications: PN junction diode and characteristics, ideal
diode and diode approximations. Block diagram of a Regulated Power Supply, Rectifiers:
HWR, FWR - center tapped and bridge FWRs. Circuit diagrams, working and waveforms,
ripple factor & efficiency(no derivations).Filters: circuit diagram and explanation of shunt
capacitor filter with waveforms.
Zener diode regulator: circuit diagram and explanation for load and line regulation,
disadvantages of Zener diode regulator.

Unit-3 (18 Lectures, Marks 25)

BJT and Small Signal amplifier: Bipolar Junction Transistor: Construction, principle &
working of NPN transistor, terminology. Configuration: CE, CB, CC. Definition of α, β and
γ and their interrelations, leakage currents. Study of CE Characteristics, Hybrid parameters.
Transistor biasing: need for biasing, DC load line, operating point, thermal runaway,
stability and stability factor.
Voltage divider bias: circuit diagrams and their working, Q point expressions for voltage
divider biasing.
Small signal CE amplifier: circuit, working, frequency response, re model for CE
configuration, derivation for Av, Zin and Zout.

Unit-4 (20 Lectures, Marks 25)

Types of PCB: Single sided board, double sided, Multilayer boards, Plated through holes
technology, Benefits of Surface Mount Technology (SMT), Limitation of SMT, Surface
mount components: Resistors, Capacitor, Inductor, Diode and IC’s.
Layout and Artwork: Layout Planning: General rules of Layout, Resistance, Capacitance
and Inductance, Conductor Spacing, Supply and Ground Conductors, Component Placing
and mounting, Cooling requirement and package density, Layout check.
Basic artwork approaches, Artwork taping guidelines, General artwork rules: Artwork
check and Inspection.
Laminates and Photoprinting: Properties of laminates, Types of Laminates, Manual
cleaning process, Basic printing process for double sided PCB’s, Photo resists, wet film
resists, Coating process for wet film resists, Exposure and further process for wet film
resists, Dry film resists
Etching and Soldering: Introduction, Etching machine, Etchant system. Principles of
Solder connection, Solder joints, Solder alloys, Soldering fluxes. Soldering, Desoldering
tools and Techniques.

Suggested Books:

1. Electronic Devices and circuit theory, Robert Boylstead and Louis Nashelsky, 9th
Edition, 2013, PHI
2. Electronics text lab manual, Paul B. Zbar.
3. Electric circuits, Joeseph Edminister, Schaum series.
4. Basic Electronics and Linear circuits, N.N. Bhargava, D.C. Kulshresta and
D.C Gupta -TMH.
5. Electronic devices, David A Bell, Reston Publishing Company/DB Tarapurwala Publ.
6. Walter C.Bosshart “PCB DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY” Tata McGraw Hill
Publications, Delhi. 1983
7. Clyde F.Coombs “Printed circuits Handbook” III Edition, McGraw Hill.

Electronic Circuits and PCB Designing Lab (Hardware and Circuit Simulation
Software)
60 Lectures , Marks 40

1. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem
2. Verification of Super position theorem
3. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem.
4. Half wave Rectifier – without and with shunt capacitance filter.
5. Centre tapped full wave rectifier – without and with shunt capacitance filter.
6. Zener diode as voltage regulator – load regulation.
7. Transistor characteristics in CE mode – determination of ri, ro and β.
8. Design and study of voltage divider biasing.
9. Designing of an CE based amplifier of given gain
10. Designing of PCB using artwork, its fabrication and testing.
11. Design, fabrication and testing of a 9 V power supply with zener regulator

Paper IV Historiography

Objective :
This course aims to introduce the learners to important issues related to historical method
including significant , historical trends and issues related with the historians craft.

Unit-1 1.01: Concept: Meaning, Scope and Purpose of History,
 Varieties of History Causation in History, Objectivity
 in History
1.02: Primary and Secondary Sources, Internal and
 External Criticism,
1.03: History and Allied Subjects: Archeology,
 Epigraphy and Numismatics
1.04: History and Geography, History and Anthropology,
 History and Sociology, History and Literature

Unit-2 Evolution of Historiography
2.01: Ancient Greece -Herodotus and Thucydides
2.02: Ancient Rome -Livy and Tacitus
2.03: Chinese Historiography- Summa Chien
2.04: Historiography in Arab Countries- Ibn Khaldun
 and Yagubi
2.05: Medieval European Historiography and Christian
 Chronicles

Unit-3 Renaissance to Enlightenment Historiography:
3.01 Renaissance Historiography
3.02 Scientific Revolution and Impact on History Writing
3.03: Enlightenment Historiography

Unit-4 4.01 : Early Indian Notions of History
4.02 : Development of Historical Consciousness in Early
 India
4.03 : Development of History Writing in Sultanate and
 Mughal Period
4.04 : Regional Historical Traditions- Assam,
 Maharashtra, South India

Unit-5 Development of History Writing in India in Modern Period
5.01: Orientalist- Sir William Jones and Asiatic Society of Bengal
5.02: Utilitarians- James Mill and other Colonial
 Historians
5.03: Nationalist Historiography
5.04: Marxist and Subaltern Historiography

Suggested Readings
Bajaj Satish : Recent Trends in Historiography, New Delhi, 1988
Barnes, H.E. : A History of History Writing, Oklahoma, 1937
Black Jeremy and Donald M. : Studying History, Macmillan, 1997
Cannon John (ed) : The Historian at Work, London, 1980
Carr E.H. : What is History, Latest edition
Collingwood, R.G : The Idea of History, OUP, latest edition
Evans J. Richard : In Defense of History, London, 1997
Gare, Arran E : Postmodernism and Environmental Crisis, London, 1997
Gooch, G.P. : History and Historians of the Nineteenth Century, Reprint,
: 1952
Merquior J.G : Foucault, London, Second edition, 1991
Marwick, Arthur : Introduction to History, London, 1977
Sreedharan, E : A Textbook of Historiography 500 BC to 2000
Stern Fritz : Varieties of History, New York,
Thompson, J.W & Bernard H : A History of History Writing, 2 vols., 

Nanoelectronics

Unit -1 (14 Lectures, Marks 20)

Introduction: Definition of Nano-Science and Nano Technology, Applications of NanoTechnology.
Introduction to Physics of Solid State: Size dependence of properties, bonding in atoms
and giant molecular solids, Electronic conduction, Systems confined to one, two or three
dimension and their effect on property
Quantum Theory for Nano Science: Time dependent and time independent Schrodinger
wave equations. Particle in a box, Potential step: Reflection and tunneling (Quantum leak).
Penetration of Barrier, Electron trapped in 2D plane (Nano sheet), Quantum confinement
effect in nano materials.
Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots: Preparation of Quantum Nanostructure; Size and
Dimensionality effect, Fermi gas; Potential wells; Partial confinement; Excitons; Single
electron Tunneling, Infrared detectors; Quantum dot laser Superconductivity.

Unit-2 (18 Lectures, Marks 24)

Growth Techniques of Nanomaterials: Synthetic aspects: bottom up and top down
approaches, Lithograpahic and Nonlithograpahic techniques, Sputtering and film deposition
in glow discharge, DC sputtering technique (p-CuAlO2 deposition). Thermal evaporation
technique, E-beam evaporation, Chemical Vapour deposition(CVD), Synthesis of carbon
nano-fibres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Pulsed Laser Deposition, Molecular beam
Epitaxy, Sol-Gel Technique (No chemistry required), Synthesis of nanowires/rods, Electro
deposition, Chemical bath deposition, Ion beam deposition system, Vapor-Liquid –Solid
(VLS) method of nanowire

Unit -3 (18 Lectures, Marks 24)
Methods of Measuring Properties and Characterization techniques:

Microscopy: Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field
Ion Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) including energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, low energy electron diffraction
(LEED), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED)
Spectroscopy: Infra-red and Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Spectroscopy, Magnetic
resonance, Optical and Vibrational Spectroscopy
Characterization and application like biopolymer tagging and light emitting semiconductor
quantum dots

Unit- 4 (10 Lectures, Marks 12)

Carbon nanotubes, nano cuboids, graphene, carbon quantum dots: Fabrication, structure.
electrical, mechanical, and vibrational properties and applications. Use of nano particles for
biological application, drug delivery and bio-imaging, Impact of nanotechnology on the
environment.

Suggested Books:

1. Nanoscale Science and Technology, Robert W. Kelsall, Ian W. Hamley and Mark
Geoghegan, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., UK, 2005.
2. Nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and applications, Institute of Physics, 1998.
3. Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole Jr and Frank J. Owens, Wiley
Interscience, 2003.
4. Electron Microscopy and analysis, 2nd ed. Taylor and Francis, 2000.
5. Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Edited by Yong Zhou, Nova
Publishers.
6. Quantum dot heterostructures, Wiley, 1999.
7. Modern magnetic materials: principles and applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
8. Nano: The Essentials: Understanding Nanoscience and Nanotecnology, T.Pradeep,
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
9. Nanobiotechnology, concepts, applications and perspectives, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

Nanoelectronics Lab
60 Lectures, Marks 40

1. Synthesis of at least two different sizes of Nickel Oxide/ Copper Oxide/ Zinc Oxide
Nano Particles Using Sol-Gel Method
2. Polymer synthesis by suspension method / emulsion method
3. B-H loop of nanomaterials.
4. Magnetoresistance of thin films and nanocomposite, I-V characteristics and
transient response.
5. Particle size determination by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XRD analysis of the
given XRD spectra
6. Determination of the particle size of the given materials using He-Ne LASER.
7. Selective area electron diffraction: Software based structural analysis based on TEM
based experimental data from published literature. (Note: Later experiment may be
performed in the lab based on availability of TEM facility).
8. Surface area and pore volume measurements of nanoparticles (a standard sample
and a new sample (if available)).
9. Spectroscopic characterization of metallic, semiconducting and insulating
nanoparticles. 

Design and Fabrication of Printed Circuit Boards

Unit-I (8 Lectures, Marks 10)

PCB Fundamentals: PCB Advantages, components of PCB, Electronic components,
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, IC’s, Surface Mount Devices (SMD).
Classification of PCB - single, double, multilayer and flexible boards, Manufacturing of
PCB, PCB standards.

Unit-II (8 Lectures, Marks 10)

Schematic & Layout Design:
Schematic diagram, General, Mechanical and Electrical design considerations, Placing and
Mounting of components, Conductor spacing, routing guidelines, heat sinks and package
density, Net list, creating components for library, Tracks, Pads, Vias, power plane,
grounding.

Unit-III (14 Lectures, Marks 20)
Technology OF PCB:

Design automation, Design Rule Checking; Exporting Drill and Gerber Files; Drills; Footprints
and Libraries Adding and Editing Pins, copper clad laminates materials of copper clad
laminates, properties of laminates (electrical & physical), types of laminates, soldering
techniques. Film master preparation, Image transfer, photo printing, Screen Printing, Plating
techniques etching techniques, Mechanical Machining operations, Lead cutting and Soldering
Techniques, Testing and quality controls.Trends, Environmental concerns in PCB industry.

Suggested Books:

1. Printed circuit Board – Design & Technology by Walter C. Bosshart, Tata McGraw
Hill.
2. Printed Circuit Board –Design, Fabrication, Assembly & Testing, R.S. Khandpur,
TATA McGraw Hill Publisher 

Microprocessor and Microcontrollers

Unit-1 (16 Lectures, Marks 22)

Introduction to Microprocessor: Introduction, Applications, Basic block diagram, Speed, Word size, Memory
capacity, Classification of microprocessors (mention of different microprocessors being used)
Microprocessor 8085: Features, Architecture -block diagram, General purpose registers, register pairs, flags,
stack pointer, program counter, types of buses. Multiplexed address and data bus, generation of control signals, pin
description of microprocessor 8085. Basic interfacing concepts, Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O.
8085 Instructions: Operation code, Operand & Mnemonics. Instruction set of 8085, instruction classification,
addressing modes, instruction format. Data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, increment & decrement
instructions, logical instructions, branch instructions and machine control instructions. Assembly language
programming examples.

Unit-2 (12 Lectures, Marks 16)

Stack operations, subroutine, call and return instructions. Delay loops, use of counters, timing diagrams-instruction
cycle, machine cycle, T- states, time delay.
Interrupt structure of 8085A microprocessor, processing of vectored and non-vectored interrupts, latency time and
response time; Handling multiple interrupts
Microcontrollers: Introduction, Different types of microcontroller, embedded microcontrollers, processor
architectures. Harvard vs. Princeton, CISC vs. RISC architectures, microcontroller memory types, microcontroller
features, clocking, I/O pins, interrupts, timers, peripherals,

Unit-3 (8 Lectures, Marks 10)

Introduction to 8051, 8051 family microcontroller, Core features, Architecture, pin diagram, memory organizationProgram and data memory organization, I/O Ports, oscillator module, Timer modules (Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer
2)
Unit-4 (16 Lectures, Marks 22)

PIC16F887 Microcontroller: Core features, Architecture, pin diagram, memory organization- Program and data
memory organization, I/O Ports, oscillator module, Timer modules (Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2), comparator
module, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module, data EEPROM, Enhanced capture/compare/PWM module ,
EUSART, master synchronous serial port (MSSP) module, special features of the CPU, interrupts, addressing
modes, instruction set.

Unit-5 (8 Lectures, Marks 10)

Interfacing with PIC16F887 and 8051 family: LED, Switches, Solid State Relay, Seven Segment Display, 16x2
LCD display, 4x4 Matrix Keyboard, Digital to Analog Converter, Stepper Motor and DC Motor. Interfacing
program examples using C language.

Suggested Books:

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085, Ramesh S.Gaonkar - Wiley
Eastern Limited- IV Edition.
2. Fundamentals of Microprocessor & Microcomputer: B. Ram—Danpat Rai Publications.
3. Microchip PIC16F87X datasheet
4. PIC Microcontrollers, Milan Verle, , mikro Elektronika, 1st edition (2008)
5. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, “Microprocessors and Microcontrollers”, Pearson, 2006

Microprocessor and Microcontrollers Lab
60 Lectures, Marks 40
8085 Assembly language programs:

1. Program to transfer a block of data.
2. Program for multibyte addition
3. Program for multibyte subtraction
4. Program to multiply two 8-bit numbers.
5. Program to divide a 16 bit number by 8 bit number.
6. Program to search a given number in a given list.
7. Program to generate terms of Fibonacci series.
8. Program to find minimum and maximum among N numbers
9. Program to find the square root of an integer.
10. Program to find GCD of two numbers.
11. Program to sort numbers in ascending/descending order.
12. Program to verify the truth table of logic gates.

PIC Microcontroller Programming
Note: Programs to be written using C programming language

1. LED blinking with a delay of 1 second.
2. Solid State Relay Interface
2. Interfacing of LCD (2X16).
3. Interfacing of stepper motor and Rotating stepper motor by N steps clockwise/anticlockwise
with speed control.
4. To test all the gates of a given IC74XX is good or bad.
5. Generate sine, square, saw tooth, triangular and staircase waveform using DAC interface.
6. Display of 4- digit decimal number using the multiplexed 7-segment display interface.
7. Analog to digital conversion using internal ADC and display the result on LCD.
8. Implementation of DC-Volt meter (0-5V) using internal ADC and LCD
9. Digital to analog conversion using PWM (pulse delay to be implemented using timers).
10. Speed control of DC motor using PWM (pulse delay to be implemented using timers).
11. Interfacing of matrix keyboard (4X4).
12. Serial communication between microcontroller and PC.